How does omalizumab work within the body?

Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that specifically targets immunoglobulin E (IgE), which plays a crucial role in allergic reactions and asthma. By binding to IgE, omalizumab prevents it from attaching to its receptors on the surface of mast cells and basophils, which are types of immune cells involved in the allergic response. This inhibition effectively prevents the release of various mediators, such as histamines, leukotrienes, and other inflammatory substances, that would normally contribute to allergic symptoms and bronchoconstriction. Consequently, this action can help reduce the severity and frequency of asthma attacks and improve overall respiratory function in patients with allergic asthma.

This mechanism is why omalizumab is particularly effective for individuals suffering from allergic asthma, as it addresses the underlying immunological trigger rather than merely alleviating symptoms or side effects associated with bronchial constriction or excessive mucus production.